Arc flash incidents are among the most dangerous hazards in the electrical industry, posing serious risks to personnel and equipment. Properly labeled equipment can help prevent injuries and fatalities associated with arc flash incidents. For this reason, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and the National Electrical Code (NEC) have established rigorous guidelines for arc flash labeling. This article explores the legal and safety requirements for arc flash labels, with a focus on NFPA 70E and NEC standards, while discussing the critical role these labels play in workplace safety and regulatory compliance.

Read more: Legal and Safety Requirements Regarding Arc Flashes

What is an Arc Flash?

As we discussed in a previous post, an arc flash occurs when an electric current leaves its intended path, traveling through the air from one conductor to another, or to the ground. This incident can result in temperatures of up to 35,000°F, releasing intense heat, light, sound, and pressure that can cause severe burns, hearing loss, and even death. Recognizing and controlling arc flash hazards is essential for worker safety, and labels play a crucial role in alerting workers to the potential dangers of working with energized equipment.

Legal and Regulatory Requirements for Labels

NFPA 70E: Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace

The NFPA 70E is a key standard that provides guidelines for electrical safety in the workplace. It outlines safety practices and requirements for identifying arc flash hazards. It determines appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), and providing training for workers who may be exposed to electrical hazards.

Under NFPA 70E, labels must include specific information to inform workers about the potential hazards associated with electrical equipment. These requirements include:

• Nominal System Voltage: Identifies the voltage level of the equipment, allowing workers to determine the level of PPE and other safety precautions needed.
• Arc Flash Boundary: Defines the minimum safe working distance from the equipment that requires protection.
• Incident Energy Level or PPE Category: Indicates the level of energy (calculated in calories per square centimeter) potentially released in an arc flash, along with the corresponding PPE level required to protect workers.

It is imperative to place these labels on electrical panels, switchboards, motor control centers, and other equipment where arc flash risks exist. Compliance with NFPA 70E standards not only enhances worker safety but also reduces liability and helps companies avoid potential regulatory penalties.

NEC: National Electrical Code

The National Electrical Code (NEC), also known as NFPA 70, provides guidelines for electrical installations to promote safe electrical practices. Article 110.16 of the NEC addresses labeling requirements, stipulating that electrical equipment likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing, or maintenance while energized must be marked to warn qualified personnel of potential hazards.

The NEC requires that arc flash labels contain a warning message indicating the presence of an arc flash hazard. However, it does not mandate specific details like incident energy levels or PPE requirements. The intent of NEC labeling requirements is to ensure that anyone working on or near the equipment is aware of potential hazards, while NFPA 70E provides the detailed information necessary for personnel safety.

Why Proper Arc Flash Labeling Is Essential

Proper arc flash labeling is crucial for multiple reasons, including the protection of workers, ensuring compliance with regulations, and reducing liability for organizations. Here are the primary reasons why proper arc flash labeling is essential:

1. Enhances Worker Safety: Accurate and comprehensive arc flash labels help workers identify hazards and determine the appropriate safety measures, PPE, and distance requirements. In the event of an arc flash, properly labeled equipment can prevent or significantly reduce injuries by guiding workers on how to protect themselves.
2. Facilitates Compliance with Regulatory Standards: Compliance with NFPA 70E and NEC is mandatory for organizations. Failing to adhere to these standards can result in legal consequences, regulatory fines, and increased scrutiny from safety inspectors. By meeting labeling requirements, companies can demonstrate a commitment to workplace safety and regulatory compliance.
3. Improves Risk Management and Liability Protection: In the event of an arc flash incident, proper labeling can serve as evidence that an organization took reasonable steps to protect its employees. Failure to label equipment correctly increases liability in the event of an incident. Proper labeling helps mitigate this risk and shows due diligence in maintaining a safe workplace.
4. Supports Effective Training and Awareness: Arc flash labels also play an educational role, providing visual reinforcement of electrical safety practices. When combined with formal training, these labels reinforce key safety information, helping workers remember and follow established protocols.
5. Promotes Maintenance Best Practices: Arc flash labels indicate when equipment needs de-energizing or when a specific operation requires specific protective measures. This information not only protects workers but also supports maintenance planning. It also ensures that operators follow proper procedures to reduce equipment downtime and improve operational efficiency.

Arc Flash Labeling Best Practices

When implementing arc flash labels, consider the following best practices to ensure compliance and maximize effectiveness:

• Regularly Update Labels: Labels should be reviewed and updated whenever there is a change in the electrical system, such as equipment upgrades or modifications that could alter the hazard level.
• Use Durable Materials: Labels should be made from materials that can withstand harsh conditions, including high temperatures, moisture, and chemical exposure, to ensure they remain legible and effective over time.
• Maintain Consistency in Label Design: Consistent labeling formats and terminology across equipment help workers quickly identify and understand hazards. Clear symbols and standardized language make labels more accessible and effective.
• Incorporate Labels into Training Programs: Safety training should include information on reading and understanding arc flash labels, as well as practical demonstrations to reinforce key safety practices.

Conclusion

Proper arc flash labeling, as mandated by NFPA 70E and NEC, is vital for workplace safety and regulatory compliance. These labels are not merely informational—they are crucial safety tools that guide workers on protective measures and ensure that hazards are clearly communicated. By following established standards and best practices, companies can protect their workers, fulfill their legal obligations, and create a safer work environment.

An arc flash stand as one of the most dangerous electrical hazards encountered in industrial settings. They occur when an electrical current travels through the air between two conductive points, creating an intense burst of heat and light. This sudden, high-temperature discharge of energy can cause severe injury, damage equipment, and even lead to fatalities. While seemingly a rare event, arc flashes occur more than many realize. The consequences if we ignore proper precautions end up being catastrophic.

The energy released during an arc flash can reach temperatures as high as 35,000°F, which is four times the surface temperature of the sun. This extreme heat can vaporize metals like copper and steel, causing molten metal particles to fly through the air. The accompanying pressure wave from the rapid expansion of air can also result in physical injuries, such as hearing damage, lung damage, and blunt-force trauma from projectiles. Additionally, the bright light produced can lead to temporary or permanent blindness. The sheer intensity of them is why it is so critical to understand the risks involved.

Read more: Understanding an Arc Flash

What Causes an Arc Flash?

Several factors can cause an arc flash. These include equipment failure, improper installation, faulty maintenance, or human error. For instance, using improperly rated or damaged tools, dropping metal objects near live equipment, or working on energized systems without proper safety gear can all result in an arc flash. Even something as simple as dust or corrosion on electrical equipment can lower insulation resistance, allowing an arc to form. The likelihood of these events increases significantly in high-voltage environments. Electrical substations or industrial plants that store and manage large amounts of energy daily, often see the highest risk.

The Dangers of an Arc Flash

An arc flash can lead to significant damage to equipment, causing costly downtime and repairs. High-energy ones can destroy electrical panels, cables, and machinery, resulting in production delays and expensive replacements. Worse, if an arc flash ignites nearby flammable materials, it could trigger secondary fires, further escalating the damage. Therefore, many companies invest in preventative measures like sophisticated detection systems and remote operation technology, which allow workers to interact with electrical equipment from a safe distance.

How to Protect Your Equipment

Preventing arc flash incidents starts with the proper training and education of personnel working in environments with electrical systems. Workers need thorough training on how to understand the hazards of arc flashes. The should also know how to identify risks, and the correct safety procedures to follow. One of the most effective preventive measures is to always de-energize electrical equipment before performing any maintenance or repairs. Lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedures, which involve isolating the energy source and placing a lock on the equipment to prevent accidental re-energization, are crucial to minimizing the risk of ocurrences.

Another key precaution is the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Workers exposed to potential arc flash hazards should wear flame-resistant (FR) clothing, gloves, and face shields that meet the arc rating required for the specific electrical task. This gear can withstand the high temperatures and energy released during an arc flash which significantly reduces the severity of injuries. Additionally, using safety tools, such as insulated hand tools, reduces the likelihood of accidental contact with live components. It’s also important to maintain a safe working distance from energized equipment, especially in high-voltage environments.

Lastly, routine inspection and maintenance of electrical systems are vital in preventing arc flash incidents. Equipment should be regularly checked for signs of wear, damage, or corrosion, which could compromise insulation and increase the risk of an arc flash. Faulty components should be repaired or replaced promptly. Implementing arc-flash detection and mitigation systems can further reduce risks by automatically shutting down electrical systems if dangerous conditions are detected. By combining proper safety practices, equipment maintenance, and protective measures, companies can significantly lower the chance of arc flash events and protect both workers and equipment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, an arc flash is a potentially deadly hazard that demands respect and proper safety measures. Through a combination of education, awareness, and adherence to established safety protocols, the risks of incidents can be minimized. Understanding the causes, consequences, and prevention strategies not only ensures the safety of workers but also helps maintain operational efficiency and reduce the financial impact of equipment failure. Whether you’re an electrician, engineer, or plant manager, prioritizing arc flash safety is a non-negotiable part of protecting both people and infrastructure.

---

Damaged Part? Need a Replacement?

If you’re experiencing a damaged drive from an arc flash reach out to us! Our team of experts are ready to help you get your operation back up and running in no time. Our customer service team can be reached by email: sales@mroelectric.com or by phone: (800) 691-8511.

---

If you liked this article, you may enjoy our other article covering “dirty power” and its effects on industrial equipment.

In today’s tech-driven world, many of our most valuable devices rely on a clean and stable power supply. But what happens when the power running through your home is less than ideal? This is where “dirty power” comes into play. Dirty power refers to any irregularities or distortions in your electrical supply that can cause serious issues for electronics and appliance.

Read more: The Effects of Dirty Power on Electronics

What is Dirty Power?

Dirty power occurs when electricity deviates from the smooth, stable sine wave it’s supposed to follow. Ideally, your power supply maintains a consistent voltage and frequency, providing energy that flows smoothly to all your devices. However, dirty power can manifest through several types of disturbances, including:

• Voltage spikes – Sudden increases in voltage.
• Voltage sags – Short drops in voltage.
• Harmonic distortion – Alterations in the waveform of electricity.
• Electrical noise – High-frequency interference from other sources.
• Power surges – Brief bursts of excess power.

These irregularities can be caused by several factors, such as faulty wiring, poor grounding, nearby heavy machinery, and even power grid fluctuations. Appliances like solar inverters or other power-generating equipment can also introduce distortions into your electrical system.

---

Dirty Power’s Impact on Industrial Automation

Dirty power can have particularly severe consequences for industrial equipment, as these systems often rely on precise electrical inputs to operate efficiently. Voltage sags or spikes can cause motors to overheat, leading to premature wear and tear on critical components. This not only shortens the lifespan of expensive machinery but can also result in unexpected downtime for repairs, disrupting production schedules. Additionally, sensitive industrial equipment like programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and automated systems may malfunction or produce faulty outputs when exposed to harmonic distortion or electrical noise, increasing the risk of operational errors and product defects.

The financial impact of dirty power on industrial operations can be significant. Frequent power irregularities can lead to higher energy consumption as machines work harder to compensate for unstable electrical inputs, driving up utility costs. Furthermore, unplanned equipment failures can incur expensive repair and replacement costs. In industries where precision is paramount—such as manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, or data centers—dirty power can cause costly errors, affecting product quality and regulatory compliance. Protecting industrial equipment with solutions like power line conditioners, voltage regulators, and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is essential to ensuring both the reliability and efficiency of operations.

---

---

---

Alternatively, you can find out more about extending the life of your servo motor here.

Whether we want to admit it or not, our entire world economy hinges on the functioning of servo motors. They remain integral components in many industrial applications, from robotics to CNC machinery. Their reliability and precision make them essential for ensuring smooth operation in automated systems. However, like anything else,servo motors can develop issues over time. This tends to lead to catastrophic failure if not addressed. Identifying early warning signs of a failing servo motor can prevent costly downtime and ensure the longevity of your equipment. Below are some of the key signs that a servo motor is about to go bad.

---

Signs of a Failing Servo Motor

Unusual Noises

One of the most common early indicators of a problem is abnormal noise coming from the servo motor. Servo motors typically operate quietly, but as they wear out, components may loosen or degrade, causing:

• Grinding or clicking sounds
• High-pitched squealing
• Loud vibrations

These noises can be caused by worn bearings, misaligned gears, or internal mechanical friction. If you hear unusual sounds, it’s critical to investigate and address the underlying issue before it escalates.

Overheating

Servo motors are designed to dissipate heat effectively, but if a motor is consistently running hotter than normal, it could be an early sign of trouble. Overheating can stem from:

• Poor ventilation or cooling
• Overloading or running the motor beyond its rated capacity
• Worn-out bearings or brushes causing friction

If you notice the motor surface temperature exceeding the manufacturer’s recommended levels, or if the motor’s thermal protection trips frequently, it’s time to assess the system for possible issues.

---

---

Erratic Movement

Servo motors are known for their precision. If you notice that the motor is no longer operating smoothly, it could indicate impending failure. Symptoms include:

• Jerky or erratic movements
• Delays in response time
• Inconsistent speed or torque output
• Inaccurate positioning or tracking

These issues could be due to encoder or feedback problems, damaged internal gears, or failing control circuitry. A motor that cannot maintain steady operation should be inspected immediately.

Increased Power Movement

A servo motor nearing failure may begin to draw more power than usual to maintain its performance. An increase in energy consumption could result from:

• Excessive friction in the bearings or mechanical parts
• Electrical short circuits or insulation breakdown
• Worn-out windings requiring higher currents to produce the same output

Monitoring the power consumption of your motor can give you early insight into its health. A sudden spike in current usage often signals internal degradation.

Vibrations and Excessive Play

Vibrations are a telltale sign of wear in mechanical systems. A failing servo motor might exhibit:

• Excessive vibrations or wobbling during operation
• Loose or imprecise shaft movement
• Increased backlash in the gearbox

These issues are typically caused by worn-out bearings, misaligned shafts, or damaged couplings. In some cases, vibrations can also result from imbalances in the rotor. Ignoring these warning signs can lead to more serious mechanical failures down the line.

Encoder Malfunctions

The encoder plays a critical role in providing feedback on the position, speed, and direction of the motor. If the encoder starts to malfunction, you may notice:

• Loss of feedback signals
• Incorrect positioning of the motor
• Communication errors between the motor and controller

Dirty or misaligned encoders, damaged cables, or electronic component failure can all lead to encoder-related issues. Regularly inspecting and cleaning the encoder can help mitigate these risks.

Frequent Power Tripping

Servo motors are typically equipped with protective features such as thermal cutoffs, overload protection, or circuit breakers. If these devices trip more frequently than usual, it’s an indication that something is wrong with the motor. Common causes include:

• Overheating or excessive current draw
• Mechanical obstructions causing overloads
• Short circuits or electrical insulation failure

Frequent tripping should never be ignored, as it indicates the motor is under stress and could fail soon.

Wear and Tear

Physical inspection of the motor can also reveal signs of impending failure. Look for:

• Damaged or worn-out seals or housings
• Oil or grease leaks around the bearings or seals
• Corroded or frayed wires
• Signs of rust or corrosion on metal components

While external wear might not always correlate directly to internal damage, it’s a good practice to maintain the motor’s appearance and prevent environmental factors from accelerating its deterioration.

Software and Control System Errors

Servo motors often interact with control systems via software or programmable logic controllers (PLCs). If you start noticing frequent errors, alarms, or faults in the control system related to the servo motor, it could be a sign of:

• Communication issues between the motor and the controller
• Malfunctioning or outdated control software
• Feedback loop problems due to encoder failure

Diagnosing these errors quickly can help you address the root cause before it leads to further damage to the motor or system.

Motor Stalling

If the servo motor stalls or fails to start under load, it could be an indication that the motor is struggling to produce the required torque. Potential causes include:

• Mechanical binding or obstructions in the system
• Electrical issues such as worn windings or damaged brushes
• Degraded motor insulation or faulty wiring

A stalling motor is a serious issue that should be addressed immediately to avoid a complete motor burnout.

---

Conclusion

A failing servo motor can be costly, both in terms of downtime and replacement costs. By recognizing the early warning signs such as unusual noises, erratic movement, overheating, and increased power consumption, you can address minor issues before they escalate. Regular maintenance, monitoring, and timely inspections will help ensure the long-term performance and reliability of your servo motors. When in doubt, consult a professional technician to evaluate and service your motor, ensuring it continues to operate smoothly and efficiently.

In addition to recognizing a failing servo motor, taking steps to maintain and prolong the life of your servo motor is also important. Luckily, we have an article explaining things you can do to prolong the longevity of your servo motor. Feel free to read about it here.

---

Is Your Servo Motor Breaking?

If you have a servo motor going bad, our team of experts are ready to help you ensure that your business is back up and running in no time. Our customer service team can be reached by email: sales@mroelectric.com or by phone: (800) 691-8511.

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) plays a critical role in controlling machinery and processes in various industries. Despite PLC functions remaining consistent across the globe. The choice of specific PLC brands and models varies by region due to varying factors. These factors include: local industry demands, availability, historical preferences, and regulatory standards. This article explores the most commonly used PLCs in five industrialized countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, Mexico, China, and Japan.

Countries

United States

In the United States, several key players dominate the automation industry. Allen-Bradley and Schneider Electric make up the two biggest domestic manufacturers. Additionally, factories across the US use Germany’s Siemens.

Manufacturers

United Kingdom

The UK’s industrial sector reflects a mix of international and European influences. Primarily the Germany company, Siemens leads the market with Allen-Bradley and Mitsubishi Electric also widely used.

Manufacturers

• Siemens: The SIMATIC S7 series remains the most widely used PLC in the UK. Its flexibility, scalability, and robust performance in various industrial environments make it a preferred choice across different sectors.
  
• Allen-Bradley: Allen-Bradley PLCs are also popular in the UK’s automotive and manufacturing industries where there is a strong U.S. influence.
  
• Mitsubishi Electric: Known for their reliability and cost-effectiveness, Mitsubishi Electric’s FX and Q series PLCs see the most usage in small to medium-sized enterprises.